Past Simple, geçmişte belirli bir zamanda olmuş ve bitmiş eylemleri anlatmak için kullanılır. Türkçedeki -di'li geçmiş zamanın (yaptım, gittim, gördüm) doğrudan karşılığıdır.
"I went home." = "Eve gittim." "She didn't see him." = "Onu görmedi."
Yapı (Form)
Olumlu
Subject + V2 (past form)
Past Simple'da kişiye göre fiil değişmez. He/She/It için -s eklenmez. (Bu, Present Simple'dan en önemli farkıdır.)
| Subject | Verb | Cümle |
|---|---|---|
| I | worked | I worked yesterday. |
| You | played | You played football. |
| He / She / It | went | She went home. |
| We | studied | We studied for the exam. |
| They | saw | They saw a movie. |
Olumsuz
Subject + did not (didn't) + V1 (base form)
Dikkat: Olumsuzda fiil base form'a döner. V2 değil, V1!
- I worked → I didn't work
- She went → She didn't go (NOT: didn't went)
- They saw → They didn't see
Soru
Did + subject + V1 + ...?
- Did you work yesterday?
- Did she go home?
- What did they see?
Düzenli vs Düzensiz Fiiller
Regular (Düzenli) — -ed kuralları
| Kural | Örnek |
|---|---|
Genel: fiilin sonuna -ed | work → worked, play → played |
-e ile bitiyorsa: sadece -d | like → liked, dance → danced |
Sessiz + -y ile bitiyorsa: -y → -ied | study → studied, try → tried |
| Kısa fiil + tek sessizle bitiyor: harf çift | stop → stopped, plan → planned |
Irregular (Düzensiz) — ezberlenmesi gerekenler
En sık kullanılan düzensiz fiiller. Bunlar günlük konuşmanın omurgasıdır:
| Base | Past | Base | Past |
|---|---|---|---|
| go | went | say | said |
| see | saw | tell | told |
| come | came | think | thought |
| have | had | know | knew |
| do | did | find | found |
| make | made | buy | bought |
| take | took | bring | brought |
| get | got | write | wrote |
| give | gave | read | read * |
| eat | ate | drink | drank |
| run | ran | begin | began |
| meet | met | leave | left |
| sit | sat | stand | stood |
* "read" yazılışı aynı kalır ama telaffuz değişir: present /riːd/, past /red/.
Kullanım Alanları
1. Belirli bir geçmiş zamanda olan bitmiş eylemler
Eylemin ne zaman olduğu cümleden ya da bağlamdan bellidir.
- I finished the project last week.
- She called me yesterday morning.
- We bought a new car in 2023.
- He graduated in June.
2. Birbiri ardına gelen geçmiş olaylar (anlatım/hikaye)
Hikaye anlatırken sırayla olan olayları aktarmak için.
- I woke up, made coffee, and started working.
- He opened the door, looked around, and left quietly.
- She smiled, waved, and walked away.
3. Geçmişteki alışkanlıklar veya durumlar
Artık geçerli olmayan eski alışkanlıklar. (Bu kullanım used to ile daha da netleştirilebilir — sıradaki konularda göreceğiz.)
- I played football every weekend when I was a child.
- We lived in Ankara for five years.
- He always woke up at 5 AM in his army days.
Zaman İfadeleri
Past Simple ile sık kullanılan zaman belirteçleri:
- yesterday (dün), yesterday morning / evening / afternoon
- last + zaman birimi: last week, last month, last year, last Friday
- ago: two days ago, a year ago, ten minutes ago
- in + geçmiş yıl: in 2020, in 1995
- when + clause: when I was a child, when she called
İpucu: Cümlede bu ifadelerden biri varsa, büyük ihtimalle Past Simple kullanmalısın — Present Perfect değil.
Yaygın Hatalar (Türkçe Konuşanlara Özel)
❌ Olumsuz/soruda V2 kullanmak
| Yanlış | Doğru |
|---|---|
| I didn't went to school. | I didn't go to school. ✓ |
| Did you saw him? | Did you see him? ✓ |
Neden: did zaten zamanı geçmişe taşıdı. Fiil base form'da kalır.
❌ did ile was/were karıştırmak
| Yanlış | Doğru |
|---|---|
| Did you were tired? | Were you tired? ✓ |
| She didn't was here. | She wasn't here. ✓ |
Neden: be (am/is/are/was/were) yardımcı fiildir, did istemez. Kendisi öne geçer.
❌ Düzensiz fiilleri -ed ile düzenli yapmak
| Yanlış | Doğru |
|---|---|
| I buyed a book. | I bought a book. ✓ |
| She goed home. | She went home. ✓ |
| They eated lunch. | They ate lunch. ✓ |
❌ Belirli geçmiş zamanla Present Perfect kullanmak
Past Simple "ne zaman?" sorusuna cevap verilebildiğinde kullanılır.
- ✓ I saw that movie yesterday.
- ✓ I have seen that movie. (deneyim, belirsiz zaman)
- ❌ I have seen that movie yesterday.
Daha geniş karşılaştırma için Present Perfect vs Past Simple konusuna bak.
Hızlı Kontrol
Aşağıdaki cümleleri Past Simple'a tamamla:
- I _ (go) to the gym every day last summer.
- She _ (not / call) me last night.
- _ (you / see) the news yesterday?
- They _ (buy) a new house in 2022.
- We _ (not / have) time to finish.
Cevaplar
- went
- didn't call
- Did you see
- bought
- didn't have
Özet
- Regular: worked, played, studied
- Irregular: went, saw, took, made (memorize!)
- Negative/question with 'did': Did you go? I didn't go.
- Time markers: yesterday, last week, in 2020, ago
Örnekler
- I learned JavaScript in 2020.
- She went to Istanbul last weekend.
- Did you finish the task yesterday?
Örnek alıştırmalar
Kurstaki alıştırmalardan örnekler.
I ___ a new car last month.
Parantez içindeki fiilleri Past Simple'a çevir.
Last night, I watched (watch) a really interesting documentary.
If a verb ends with 'y' and has a consonant before it, we change 'y' to 'i' and add '-ed' (e.g., 'study' becomes 'studied').